first introduced and translated, have contributed to their canonization, and how they have shaped the various images of Andersen in different temporal periods. Moreover, considering translation as a social practice taking place in a polysystem, this book has further explicated how socio-political factors like economics and ideology, as well as human factors such as patrons, translators, and readers, have influenced the Chinese translations and interpretations of Andersen’s tales. In addition, by referring to the Chinese target texts, English mediating texts and Danish original texts, this book has clarified the intertextual relations and influences operating among different versions of Andersen’s tales.