active lifestyles and reduced revision rates. Exposing only the small portion of the spine responsible for symptoms via small ports or channels, requires a deep understanding of spinal anatomy and spinal pathophysiology. Building on the widely acclaimed first edition, An Anatomic Approach to Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Second Edition, provides an expanded foundation of knowledge to master minimally invasive spine surgery. World-renowned spine neurosurgeons Mick Perez-Cruet, Richard Fessler, Michael Wang, and a cadre of highly regarded spine surgery experts provide masterful tutorials on an impressive array of cutting-edge technologies. Organized by seven sections and 51 chapters, the book presents a diverse spectrum of current safe and efficacious MIS procedures and future innovations. Nonsurgical approaches include injection-based spine procedures and stereotactic radiosurgery. Surgical technique chapters discuss MIS anterior, posterior, and lateral approaches to the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine, with procedures such as endoscopic microdiscectomy, vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty, percutaneous instrumentation, and robotic spine surgery.