An EU citizen who has been victim of a human rights violation can lodge a complaint with various tribunals. The national courts, the European Court of Human Rights, the United Nations Human Rights Committee and the European Court of Justice all offer (quasi-)judicial human rights protection. The book examines how the European Court of Justice has faced the challenge of becoming one human rights tribunal amongst several in a polycentric human rights protection. The book clarifies the extent to which there are concurring competences between the European Court of Justice and the other aforementioned human rights bodies, and to which extent divergent interpretations of similar rights can be expected. The book is a slightly revised version of the author's PhD thesis.