leading practitioners, is the first comprehensive volume dedicated exclusively to this approach, with its many variations and modifications. This definitive text provides a complete overview of all preliminary considerations, including the biomechanics of scoliosis and of anterior column support, spinal cord monitoring, pulmonary considerations, complications in adult and adolescent idiopathics, performance measures, and a new method of idiopathic curve classification. Both adult and pediatric issues are identified and discussed as well as pathologic conditions. Numerous technical diagrams and drawings demonstrate surgical techniques, guiding the surgeon step-by-step through each procedure. Minimally invasive methods are also fully covered. Clearly written, well-illustrated chapters address the entire range of anterior approaches and, where appropriate, evaluate any option of the posterior approach. All operative procedures are described in full, including those employing the following instrumentation systems: Zielke threaded rod (thoracic and thoracolumbar/lumbar applications); Moss-Miami single solid rod; TSRH single solid rod; CD horizon single solid rod; Halm-Zielke combined threaded and solid rod; Kaneda dual solid rod (KASS); and others. To complement this book, two DVDs are included with operative video.