of our time. The welfare city as we know it today is facing structural transformations, undermining the ideology of the post-war welfarism. As the welfare city has entered a new phase of market driven development, many of the challenges that the post-war welfare city's architects and decision makers dealt with resemble the present- day crises: financial crisis, migration crisis, democracy crisis, housing crisis, health crisis - and on top of it the major 'newcomer' crises of climate changes and the covid-19 pandemic.